Another suitor for Elizabeth was Prince Eric of Sweden, later King Eric of Sweden. More significantly, she was worried she would have to adopt a secondary role in the running of her country, as the period was very patriarchal. At the beginning of her reign, an obvious candidate for Elizabeth to marry was her half sister's widow, Phillip of Spain. In 1569, one of the wealthiest landowners in England, the Duke of Norfolk concocted a plan to marry Mary, Queen of Scots and have her recognised as Elizabeths heir. Elizabeth I and France - History Learning Site Boston Spa, W ith the first female vice president taking office in the US, and female leaders around the world excelling despite a global crisis, it's hard to imagine why women have been wildly underrepresented in leadership for so long. One reason Dudley failed was that he wasnt a talented general or tactician. By studying this week, students should have an understanding of: . The Situation on Elizabeth's Accession | Mind Map - GoConqr No, Francis in Reign does not have a child. - send 2000 to rebels. Mary, Queen of Scots cousin (the French Duke of Guise) intended to invade England, free Mary, overthrow Elizabeth and restore Catholicism. There are 4 main exam boards which are AQA, Edexcel (Pearson), OCR and How To Revise For GCSE Psychology The ultimate step-by-step guide for students, teachers and private students. The invasion failed, however. Mary Queen of Scots was married to . Design engineering imperial 2023 applicants, Border Force Officer - Core and Mobile teams recruitment campaign September 2022. He saw Drake as a pirate and therefore deemed Elizabeths act as deliberately provocative. Led by two powerful Catholic landowners, Thomas Percy, Earl of Northumberland, and Charles Neville, Earl of Westmorland, this rebellions principal aims included the restoration of Catholicism to England, as well as the installation of Mary as Queen of England. The conspirators including Babington were all. However, the Catholic Church bans divorce which presented a problem for Henry as he could not legally get rid of Catherine. VAT reg no 816865400. Drake was the first English person to achieve this (and the second person in history at the time). PPTX What problems did Elizabeth I face when she became Queen in 1558? However, Elizabeth was fearful that a foreign husband would have not put the needs of England first. What he meant by this was he had inflicted significant temporary damage on the Spanish Armada and it would regrow in time. English Catholic Francis Throckmorton was the link of communication within this plan. The threat of invasion was heavy as England was in the midst of strongly Catholic countries in Europe, who saw Elizabeth's Protestantism as a threat to their own countries and a major problem. Best Answer. The Netherlands had been part of the Spanish empire since the 1550s. This was signed by the English nobility and gentry and required the signatories to execute anyone who attempted to overthrow the Queen. There was also a fear that France and Scotland, alongside Spain, could launch an invasion of England as part of a greater Catholic crusade against the rogue English Protestant nation. Marys clear awareness and support of the Babington plot led to her being sentenced to death in October 1586. The loss of ships, weapons and supplies were proving incredibly costly for Spain as these needed to be replaced and obtaining fresh supplies put a strain on Spains finances. However, the Act also established a national poor rate, made JPs (Justices of the Peace) keep registers of the poor and gave towns and cities the responsibility to find work for the able-bodied poor. Elizabeth I: Facts About The 'Virgin Queen', Daughter Of Anne Boleyn You may use the following in your answer: Mary, Queen of Scots and foreign threat (12 marks) . 1558 -french threat. As the closest person to God in the eyes of the Catholics, obeying the Pope was of paramount importance and this meant Elizabeth had to be suspicious of other Catholic threats at home. Spains naval and military strength was much greater than Englands at the time, so Elizabeth was reluctant to do anything that could damage their already fragile relationship and lead to open war with Spain.. The harsh weather conditions made it impossible for the Spanish fleet to return to the Channel after the battle of Gravelines. Learning of the Spanish plans to build an Armada and invade England, Drakes mission was to try and stop this. Spain had colonies in North and South America and Englands trade with them was very profitable, but foreigners needed a license to trade there. Most of the new ships were being built in the deepwater port Portuguese port of Lisbon which was protected by strong fortifications. King Phillip had been preparing for an attack on England since 1585 and Marys execution made the situation worse with him even more determined to invade England. The Spanish Armada sailed in 1588 and was completely defeated by the English. 1585 Treaty of Nonsuch This significantly committed Elizabeth to support the Dutch rebels directly against the Spanish. Am I doing my History A-Level coursework correctly? This was important because it demonstrated the strength of Catholic feeling within England and highlighted how Elizabeth, after 11 years, was still vulnerable to English Catholics. Both could be serious threats to Elizabeths England. The plot failed as it was discovered by Francis Walsingham, Elizabeths principal secretary and spymaster, who placed Throckmorton under surveillance for several months. Company Reg no: 04489574. From 1574, with the help of the Pope, Catholic priests were also being smuggled into England to continue the spread of the Catholic faith. Importantly too, at different points these plots were orchestrated or sponsored by the Pope and Spain and were dependent on the support of English Catholics to work, demonstrating the increasing Catholic threat to Elizabeth, internationally and domestically. Elizabeth I - reigned from 1558-1603 Elizabeth I's first rebellion to deal with was the Shane O'Neill Rebellion, which occurred in Ireland and lasted from 1558-1567. Anne was executed less than three years after Elizabeth's birth. This peace treaty between England and France ended the war inherited by Elizabeth from her half-sister Mary I, who went to war alongside her Spanish husband Philip II in 1557. This issue of divorce creates problems for Catholics. Copy. In all, whilst the Catholic threat was increased through Elizabeths interference with the Dutch revolt, as it incurred the anger of the Spanish, it was Mary Queen of Scots presence that emboldened the Catholic threat. The news of the rebellion caused widespread. Challenges To Elizabeth At Home And Abroad - Learndojo.org The victory over the Spanish was not just a military success for England, but it also helped to strengthen Elizabeths rule over the country. Most people in . Upon his arrival, he accepted the position of Governor-General which proved to be a big mistake as it suggested that Elizabeth had taken control of the Netherlands. She pledged to finance an army of 7,400 English troops and placed Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester, in charge of them. As Catholics do not believe in divorce it means that the marriage between Henry and Catherine was never dissolved, and therefore, the marriage with Anne never happened, and as a result of this Elizabeth was an illegitimate child and had no right to the throne of England. Many expected a decisive battle between Henry II and Philip II. Francis Drake is knighted on the Golden Hind. Here is an example answer to the following 16-mark question on the problem posed to Elizabeth I upon her accession arising from the question of legitimacy. "the threat of invasions was Elizabeth's main problem when she became queen in 1558" - conclusion. Describe two features of the Rebellion of the Norther earls 1559 7. What Challenges Did Elizabeth I Face As Queen? - HistoryExtra Before she came to the throne her mother Mary of Guise ruled Scotland while she remained in France married to the French prince Francis. Problems faced by Elizabeth I in 1558 - YouTube The New World, privateering and the significance of the activities of Sir Francis Drake. However, she was fearful of the presence of Spain in the Netherlands, who were busy putting down the Dutch Revolt from 1566 under the command of the Duke of Alba. Podcast: The Life and Significance of Alan Turing, Copyright The Historical Association 2023. In 1587, Sir Francis Drake attacked the Spanish port of Cadiz in what would become known as the Singeing of the King of Spains beard. Another reason Dudley failed was a number of his officers were divided over questions of strategy. The first question to ask yourself when revising for GCSE psychology is which exam board am I studying? One was debt. She replaced her Catholic half-sister Mary, who died childless. This interference greatly angered the Spanish and provoked the ire of many Catholics, who now no longer saw Elizabeth as a mediator of the status quo, but as an interfering, troublesome monarch. The Religious Settlement of 1559 - History Learning Site 214 High Street, his early wars against France and his championing of Catholic orthodoxy against the teachings of Martin Luther. Spain had become a great military power as Phillip ruled Spain, the Netherlands and parts of Italy. This significantly committed Elizabeth to support the Dutch rebels directly against the Spanish. Spain did not control a deep water port where the Armada could anchor safely and this left them extremely vulnerable to an attack while it waited for Parmas troops to escape the Dutch blockade. The aim was to rid France of heresy (Protestantism). to answer the Section Focus Question: Although her small kingdom was threatened by grave internal divisions, Elizabeth's blend of shrewdness, courage, and majestic self-display inspired ardent expressions of loyalty and helped unify the nation against foreign enemies. Essentially, this meant England and Spain were now at war. GCSE: Early Elizabethan England (1558-88) - Tutor2u However, there were other challenges facing Elizabeth. 2. To view the purposes they believe they have legitimate interest for, or to object to this data processing use the vendor list link below. Official Oxford 2023 Postgraduate Applicants Thread. The reasons for, and consequences of, the English victory. - Significant political threat as her legitimacy and gender led to people not accepting her as queen. It was the only major threat to Henry's security as monarch. Life of Catholics in Elizabethan era | Laws against Catholics Elizabeth's legitimacy was one of many problems that Elizabeth faced when she became Queen in 1558. Her first husband, Francis II, had died in December 1560. Study notes, videos, interactive activities and more! Elizabeth I: a biography. Roman Catholics . (4 marks) According to many people at the time Mary Queen of Scots had a stronger claim to the . Englands victory over the Spanish navy in 1588 contributed to their development as a strong naval power to rival Spain. Marriage and the Succession She was expected to marry and produce an heir for the Tudor line but she wanted to choose the right person and not anger anyone. This included: 1) the Act of Supremacy which stated that Elizabeth was Head of the Church, 2) the Act of Uniformity which set out expectations for church appearances and church services and 3) Royal Injunctions a set of instructions reinforcing the Acts of Supremacy and Uniformity. Foreign Policy 1553 to 1558 - History Learning Site Drake also managed to capture a Spanish ship called the. J. Elizabeth I (r.1558-1603) | The Royal Family The aim was to rid France of heresy (Protestantism). The attack was a success. - Quite a significant political threat as both France and Spain had the power to invade England. Elizabeth had taken the decision to arrest any Catholic bishops that did not accept her authority as sovereign over them. August 3rd - 4th: Spanish ships were outgunned and forced to move to Calais in France. When Elizabeth I came to the throne in 1558, she inherited a difficult financial situation and a debt of 227,000. Why was the throckmorton plot a threat to elizabeth 12 marker? Boston House, When are the GCSE exams for 2020?Which exam board are you studying? LS23 6AD Anyone refusing to pay poor rates could be imprisoned and officials failing to organise poor relief could be fined. Good explanation and link back to the question here at the end of the paragraph.]. The core of her legitimacy problem centred around the circumstances of her birth by Anne Boleyn. Sir Robert Naunton recorded that the queen once said angrily to Leicester, when he tried to insist upon a favour, "I will have here but one mistress and no master." Naval support by the English proved to be more effective for the Dutch rebels and a fleet of English ships patrolled the Dutch coastline to prevent the Spanish from landing some of their forces by sea. ( Public Domain ) Henry VIII was succeeded by his son Edward VI who reigned for a mere six years before succumbing to tuberculosis at the age of 15. After her death in 1558, her half-sister Elizabeth I preceded the throne and she tried to re-establish Puritanism in England. August 8th: Battle of Gravelines fireships caused the Spanish fleet to scatter. There were fewer naval ships anchored there and the port was the centre for a large number of naval supplies which Drake intended to either seize or destroy. Roberto Ridolfi was a spy of the Pope. What happened to Elizabeth I in 1554? - Answers In 1568, Spanish ships laden with gold bullion took refuge in English ports to escape the bad weather. The features and significance of the Ridolfi, Throckmorton and Babington plots. Student / Died: 24 March 1603. The negotiations dragged on for four years with Elizabeth never giving a firm answer and Charles refusing to give up his Catholic faith. Her arrival and ultimate house arrest were the result of her having to flee Scotland. In the eyes of the Spanish, Drake was a pirate however in the eyes of the English and Elizabeth, he was a patriot. The Duke of Norfolk was arrested and executed however Mary was not punished beyond her supervision being made tighter. A number of Catholic plots to remove Elizabeth in the 1570s and 1580s had his involvement although he was reluctant and half-hearted in their execution. LS23 6AD The plots involved European conspirators and were supported by France, Spain and even the Pope. This risked provoking King Phillip further and to avoid this, Elizabeth forced Dudley to resign his position immediately. Moreover, when Henry executed Anne Boleyn in 1536, Henry VIII himself declared Elizabeth illegitimate (although this situation was later reversed). Queen Elizabeth showed no mercy to the rebels and the Earl of Northumberland along with 400 rebel troops were executed while the Earl of Westmorland fled abroad. The fear of a Catholic uprising and a plot against Elizabeth was a constant threat to her. He would often return with huge amounts of treasure for Queen Elizabeth. There were several factors that influenced Queen Elizabeths decision to sign the Treaty of Nonsuch including: Elizabeth believed in Divine Right and due to this, she didnt want to remove King Phillip as the ruler of Netherlands. Cecil was a master of Renaissance statecraft, whose talents as a diplomat, politician, and administrator won him high office and . Official Thread: (Undergraduate) Medicine 2023 Entry, St George's University of London (SGUL) A101 2023 Entry. The English navy attempted some minor raids but they were largely ineffective as only 2 Spanish ships were lost, and these were by accident. Explain why Mary, Queen of Scots, was a threat to the reign of During this journey, they encountered several powerful Atlantic storms and this resulted in many ships sinking or being wrecked on the Scottish and Irish coasts. As with the 1569 plot, she would marry the Duke of Norfolk. The invasion would include the murder of Elizabeth and the placing of Mary, Queen of Scots on the throne. Queen Elizabeth has confiscated large portions of land from the Earl of Northumberland and given it his main rivals in the north and south who were both Protestant. The plots to overthrow Elizabeth failed for a number of reasons such as: Elizabeth was actually popular which meant those conspiring to overthrow her lacked public support.