Why was the election of 1876 called the Disputed Election? Reconstruction Flashcards | Quizlet Why of why not? The Radical. How did the Compromise of 1877 effectively end Reconstruction? This represented the reversal of that portion of the Dred Scott decision which ruled that black people were not and could not become citizens of the United States or enjoy any of the privileges and immunities of citizenship. (.EVDY(*BAwz{}}$awd$J7 IBFQ` What connections do you see between the realities in Latin America and South Africa? It also made it difficult to enforce Republican plans for Reconstruction or the 14th and 15th Amendments to the Constitution. RZhC #o`9} }#9BNDo9L(]xA g|XW.o&pI.78DBjV]^;. If this activity does not load, try refreshing your browser. How did John Wilkes Booth affect Reconstruction? The carpetbaggers, so named because of how they travelled light with inexpensive luggage made of fabric, were largely a benign group of Northern Republicans seeking a fresh start in the South (despite Southern Democrats fears to the contrary). What synonym clue shows up in the next paragraph? The sentence contains at least one complement. Federal troops were removed from the Southern states and the Democratic majority was entrusted to protect and enforce the rights of African Americans. Provided food, clothes, transportation, etc. Who did the states and congress give free land to? Describe the agriculture system of the New South. Established in March 1865, the Bureau had provided blacks in the South with material assistance, schools, and guidance in settling on abandoned land. His policies after he became president were even more lenient than Lincoln's, and they caused a confrontation with the Radical Republicans in Congress that culminated in his impeachment. . Was corruption now any less? Congress passed the Thirteenth Amendment in January 1865, formally outlawing slavery in the United States. Grandfather clauses gave citizens the right to vote if their grandfathers had been able to vote in elections prior to Reconstruction. Segregation laws were legal in former Confederate states only. Reconstruction in Practice. The end of the war brought with it much devastation and, of course, those who knew how to turn devastation into opportunity. The Fifteenth Amendment was designed to allow all male citizens the right to vote regardless of race, color, or previous condition of servitude. This was a bold and progressive change to Americas Constitution, however feelings of racism persisted throughout the wounded nation. Grant also supported a series of legislative acts in 1871 to enhance the federal government's ability to use the military to stop acts of racial terrorism committed by the Ku Klux Klan, and in 1875 he signed a Civil Rights law that outlawed racial discrimination in public transportation and accommodations, and barred black exclusion from jury service. View Screenshot 2023-03-01 at 8.13.38 PM.png from SOCIAL STUDIES 58557 at Mt Zion High School. A monumental tomb in New York City was constructed in his honor as a result of what was the largest public fundraising campaign in history up to that time. Again, there were many reasons for the poor government in the South, including violence and sabotage from groups like the Ku Klux Klan and the racial animosity that inspired them, a general unwillingness to accept the political and social implications of equality under the law, and a lingering deep resistance to the idea of the supremacy of the Constitution and Union to state and local authority in matters of national significance. The war devastated the Southern economy and population, leaving a lot of hard feelings towards the victorious North. Yes, a few. Evaluating Reconstruction - Central/Southern Tier RAEN Most people in the Union supported the Confederacy's Which class in the New South had recovered political power from the carpetbaggers? Instead, Johnson focused primarily on putting Union-loyal white leaders in place in Southern statehouses. HUn0+(cj , @X! The next century would see African Americans continuing to fight for the legal rights they had been granted and were rightfully entitled to. States had to ratify the 13th & 14th amendment, and enacted Military Control of Reconstruction with the Military Reconstruction Act. Did Congress do anything about white violence? Reconstruction pF{:RTV Who did southern voters elect to office under the terms of presidential reconstruction? Booth assassinated President Lincoln on April 14, 1865 during the performance of a play in Washington, D.C.s Fords Theater. There was no profit for workers. they had belonged to the democratic party known as the bourbon democrats. The sharecropping model left many tenant farmers in such dire straits that it was nearly impossible to break free from their economic shackles. Compare Allende's description of the contrast between rich and poor in Latin America with Gordimer's depiction of the contrast between rich and poor in Latin America with Gordimer's depiction of the narrator and Petrus in "Six Feet of the Country". D. H. Chamberlain, Governor of South Carolina, Excerpt from Carl Schurz, speech in the Senate, Rutherford B. Hayes, letter of acceptance of the nomination for the Presidency, Excerpt from the testimony of Henry Blake, 1937. [c5vk~a5T?, P[oFVB-"X7/S{+} 2b(RG,}ti\ The Presidential Plans (Lincoln and Johnson), the Congressional (Radical Republican), and then Military control (Military Reconstruction Act - South broken down into 5 military districts), Communication des organisations - section 3, Lincoln's vs. Johnson's Plans for Reconstruct, Eric Hinderaker, James A. Henretta, Rebecca Edwards, Robert O. Self, John Lund, Paul S. Vickery, P. Scott Corbett, Todd Pfannestiel, Volker Janssen, Civil War, Reconstruction and Old West Review. ;R5p c-Ncc:ey].Ai4d1]'M-azo!/,'Kx5,:aC;C .Qhg In part, Grants administration suffered because of some real and some exaggerated charges of corruptionmost of which did not directly involve Grant but tarnished him nonetheless. dzB;. Would he or she benefit from certain parts of it? Exclusion of the last group reflected Johnson's hatred of the planter aristocracy rather than some condition that had to do with restoring the former Confederate states. 2 Third step is about monitoring of collections 3 Involves the evaluation of. 'j/%>Rgy|@mePxSNOw5Nu'IbL`hEfYaWk*_p Johnson and Secretary of War Edwin Stanton were bitter enemies, and the president wanted to get rid of him. Granted citizenship, due process, and equal protection under the law. And Black Americans continued to face acts of organized intimidation, mob violence, and murder because of their race. 20F_B[G S`F>6~hf( wF.*is5oGYqUTsaqrY)$y, "beVv1=;"urk{k"56#UEli[EB9}qJ=YY@jOU{[89K,2M`` 10% plan What was Lincoln's plan for Reconstruction called? The amendment also denies to anyone who had participated in rebellion against the United States or had given aid and comfort to those in rebellion the right to hold any national or state office, an exclusion intended to undercut Johnson's pardon policy and protect the rights of blacks, particularly those of former slaves and particularly their right to vote. #;ou20/. 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What was the Freedmen's Bureau? Return to slavery in a different way. Course Hero is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university. In that compromise, Republican Rutherford B. Hayes won a tight race for the Presidency with just one electoral voteon the condition that all federal troops be removed from the South and a southern Democrat be named to his cabinet. and any corresponding bookmarks? How did Amendments 13, 14, & 15 help African Americans? C04I!q^Q);i])G~H.HdRYBBYRi8,i 7P.,NPI Right now, he is working on the chapter that examines the importance and impact of the Fourteenth Amendment. This amendment prohibits each government in the United States from denying a citizen the right to vote based on that citizen's "race, color, or previous condition of servitude" (slavery). blacks could vote and hold office. Gp}1:qr +sWg" ^8u1k^l2GPt%,}cAZwf? His campaign theme was "Let Us Have Peace," and he tried his best to promote sectional and racial harmony throughout the country. They were northerners who came south for jobs. Presented to the Capitalists and People of the Central and Northern States, by Bannister, Cowan & Company, Group E: Excerpt from Albert T. Morgan, Yazoo, Or, On the Picket Line of Freedom, 1881. Who was the Republican candidate in the election of 1868? It helped maintain schools for black kids and insured fairness of labor contracting. Amnesty was granted to any southerner who took an oath of allegiance, with the exception of Confederate officials, officers, and wealthy landowners. xT+&DLeD Who was it supposed to help? The Amnesty Act of 1872 completely flipped the script on Southern politics and halted the progress being made by Reconstruction efforts. Once you are finished, click the button below. Segregation was legal, as long as the notion of separate but equal was being followed. The citizens of the South had to take an oath of loyalty, and once 10% of the state had taken the oath the state could rejoin the Union. What did the 15th Amendment accomplish ? President Johnson vetoed the Act, but Congress overrode his veto to pass it. Select all that apply. There were also a number of members in Congress who were involved in the Crdit Mobilier scandal, which involved the Union Pacific Railroad and federal contracts for the first Transcontinental Railroad. Reconstruction In early 1866, Congressional Republicans, appalled by mass killing of ex-slaves and adoption of restrictive black codes, seized control of Reconstruction from President Johnson. In any event, these Northern carpetbaggers were viewed as outsiders and exploiters by many who formerly had been loyal to the Confederacy. Each document corresponds to one of the five Topics in the After Reconstruction section of the interactive. The Jim Crow era replaced Reconstruction and ushered in a new era of racial segregation, violence, and murder well into the twentieth century. The impeachment of Johnson. for freed slaves. Determined to prevent Johnson from interfering with their plan, Radical Republicans pushed through two pieces of legislation in March 1867 intended to severely limit presidential power. Finally, History Matters offers helpful pages on "Making Sense of Maps.". Same as Lincoln's but military officials and persons with property worth more than $20,000 had to apply directly to the President for a pardon. The Command of the Army Act prevented the president from issuing orders to the military except through the general of the army, who at the time was Ulysses S. Grant; additionally, the commanding general could not be removed without the Senate's consent. They were seen as Yankees that were trying to take over the southern states' governments. This narrative was promoted by former Confederates, academics, and politicians alike and served to falsely provide an underlying ideology to justify denying equal rights. If the teachers students have little experience evaluating primary source documents, there are several websites that include activities to help students develop these skills. 3 southern states votes came in with 2 sets of counts, 1 Dem, 1 Repub, so the vote went to the House of Representatives who decided Republicans. Explain your choice. It formally brought the Southern states back into the Union. Once each convention's elections were held for governor, state legislators, and members of Congress, the states would be readmitted to the Union. The term was used derisively by white Southern Democrats who opposed Reconstruction legislation. Radical plan wanted to punish the south, while Lincoln and Johnson wanted to reunite the union as quickly as possible. The teacher may also wish to begin thinking about how the class is to be divided into small groups (3-5 is suggestedbut the teacher should judge the correct size based on the size of the class) as several of the activities in this lesson involve small group work. While not generally used today, it was accepted usage (by both black and white writers) during this period and it is part of the historical record. the amendment stating that all people born in the US have the same rights and are all born equal under the law. This lesson plan will explore the social, economic and political conditions of the United States as Reconstruction drew to a close in the years leading up to the Compromise of 1877. Communities would combine their farms yields to ensure everyone had enough food. WebStudy with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like sharecropping, Freedman's Bureau, Wade-Davis Plan and more. Ryan read an exegesis of the cryptic poem because .. What is meant by the term Reconstruction? But in the end, events overpowered the best thinking on both sides of this divide and the impact of these great victories was left to be felt and interpreted by a new generation of Americans. his early supporters were farmers in east Tennessee who didn't own slaves. How might a fact like this have affected opinions on questions such as civil rights, government contracts for major infrastructure improvements (such as railroads) and shaped views on questions such as education? endstream endobj 115 0 obj <>stream They had to have enough money to pay poll tax and had to pass a literacy test. - Evaluating Reconstruction - Evaluating Reconstruction - Course Segregation was ruled unconstitutional and all Jim Crow laws had to be immediately repealed. endstream endobj 118 0 obj <>stream WebOne of the main goals of Military Reconstruction was to ensure that voting rights were granted to African American men. The Civil Rights Act of 1866 defined citizenship and affirmed that all citizens are equally protected by the law. They passed two bills. Ulysses S. Grant was confronted with these momentous questions upon his election to the presidency in 1868. Johnson versus Congress. In the Senate? But another clear reason was the often ineffective and incompetent governing that characterized many of the post-war Republican Southern governments. 132 0 obj <>stream Equally important, the concept of "civil rights" was established during this period. Women still could not vote. A large number of Republican lawmakers regained seats in Southern state governments, but chose to abandon Reconstruction reforms. President Johnsons view of African Americans was: That they should be granted equal rights to whites, including voting rights, That they should be granted equal rights to whites, but not voting rights, That they should not be granted equal rights to whites. Take sample from your personal experience. One thing students might consider, for example, is how the devastation of war and the slow pace of efforts to recover from that devastation kept the South in a subordinate economic position in comparison to the faster growing cities of the North. Reconstruction aimed to bring the southern states back into the Union, reestablish southern loyalty to the United States Constitution, integrate freed slaves into society, and repair the southern economy that no longer had the advantage of slave labor. endstream endobj startxref The Reconstruction Era was a transformative period in U.S. history that took place during the Civil War era. White Violence- southerners could deal better than the north How did many Southern states work around the voting rights guaranteed in the Fifteenth Amendment? How did the Amnesty Act of 1872 change Southern politics? Why Did Reconstruction Come to an End? Reconstruction came to an end as a direct result of too many Southerners opposing the reconstruction. The KKK wanted to move power in government back to the Democratic Party. The worksheet provided in the Text Document for Activity 1 asks two sets of questions: one set relates to the document, and the other relates to the corresponding section of the interactive. Much of the South lay in ruins with endstream endobj 418 0 obj <>stream (Ge,YAjB%f~&L uG0Bqw4$VFF[RN ;J_:;`' Are you sure you want to remove #bookConfirmation# Use the links above to research more about each aspect of Reconstruction, List the name of your character on the worksheet. 9RR}yswNQZ8][1FM_+ Please wait while the activity loads. endstream endobj startxref Use the following abbreviations: DO for direct object, PN for predicate nominative, OC for objective complement, IO for indirect object, or PA for predicate adjective. With an interactive map that combines statistics with the thoughts and ideas of people living through this difficult period, students will consider the ways in which efforts at recovery were either successful or disappointing. However, what gains were made in the realm of civil rights were under assault by the time Grant died and almost completely destroyed by the turn of the century. Use information gathered from the interactive maps to inform their understanding of the political, social, and economic problems confronting the nation in the wake of Reconstruction. It required a majority of voters in each Confederate state to swear their allegiance to the US before rejoining the Union, It prohibited Confederate officials and military leaders from voting or holding office. endstream endobj 110 0 obj <>/Metadata 10 0 R/Outlines 25 0 R/PageLayout/OneColumn/Pages 107 0 R/StructTreeRoot 32 0 R/Type/Catalog>> endobj 111 0 obj <>/ExtGState<>/Font<>/XObject<>>>/Rotate 0/StructParents 0/Tabs/S/Type/Page>> endobj 112 0 obj <>stream You have not finished your quiz. Nursing care plan about Risk for fetal injury related to shoulder dystocia? It was approved by both houses in June 1866. HU=s0+E{r\Ivtv($ *]L0/ u-HKX~9T The EDSITEment-reviewed sites Digital History and Documenting the American South offer a wide variety of documents concerning the effects of Reconstruction on the newly freed black population and Southern society, in general. Things began to change socially, politically, and economically. When did reconstruction begin? Reconstruction lasted from the Civil War to 1877. During Civil War they had "rehearsals" for reconstruction in the Union-occupied south. Idea of black people being free began during the Civil War. beOai4sA 'aKjlNa )u1d[I{4{[ @vKZtQUGm1)V8'. WebEvaluating Reconstruction Directions: Watch Crash Course #22 and use your Reconstruction Notes to answer the questions below. What happened to white small farmers during this time? "Z~(Y9I,$iA4rHR2y"xBCDx!uF$P=C|# All of the amendments were made to protect former slaves and their rights but on paper they did not have any rights. How did whites regain political control in the south? A Democrat and the only senator from the South who remained loyal to the Union, Johnson at first seemed ready to take a hard line against the former Confederacy. Stanton was suspended in August 1867 and replaced with Grant as an interim. Ulysses S. Grant, Gen Commander of the Union forces in the Civil War. Learning Objectives Evaluate the successes and State conventions, elected by universal male suffrage, were to draw up new constitutions, which had to give blacks the right to vote and had to be approved by Congress. Howdid the Thirteenth Amendment changethe Constitution? until early 1900's they still mostly lived in the south. wealthy plantation owners and Confederate officials. On September 111, 193919391939, Nazi Germany invaded Poland. Question 2 Which of the following best summarizes President Lincolns attitude toward the policies and process of Reconstruction? Based on the documents reviewed in this lesson, list some of the leading and competing political interests in the South as Reconstruction was drawing to a close. Lincolns view, while prudent, was not extremely popular. In May 1865, with Congress out of session, Johnson began to implement his own Reconstruction program. The teacher may wish to review these documents so as to be able to explain any difficult vocabulary or unfamiliar vernacular. Sharecropping. Borrowed what they needed on credit from the owner, it was a bad because the farmer always owed more money than they made on the farm, leaving them stuck in this system. It declared that all people born in the United States are entitled to be citizens without regard to race, color, or previous condition of slavery. Teachers may wish to have students read several of the following, which illustrate the tension and uncertainty that existed along with the joy of liberty: Students might then be asked to examine the painting A Visit from the Old Mistress from the EDSITEment-reviewed site Africans in America. The official era of Reconstruction came to a close with the Compromise of 1877. Adoption of the amendment was an issue in the 1866 congressional elections, but the president's campaign against it did not work. When duly elected black representatives were expelled from the Georgia legislature, Georgia once again fell under military rule. The four states did not rejoin the Union until 1870. Prior to his election Congress had already passed, among other legislative acts: Guaranteed protection for all U.S. citizens, regardless of color, to "to make and enforce contracts, to sue, be parties, give evidence, and to the full and equal benefit of all laws and proceedings for the security of persons and property as is enjoyed by white citizens, and shall be subject to like punishment, pains, penalties, taxes, licenses, and exactions of every kind." corruption did not come to an end. Lincoln: The states should be reintegrated into the Union when ten percent President Ulysses S. Grant had been elected partly because he seemed to show promise of strong executive leadership, but also because he was viewed in the afterglow of his wartime success. In some cases these newcomers were motivated by noble sentiment, while others were merely out to seek their fortunes. Fear of black rule. EDSITEment is a project of theNational Endowment for the Humanities, Smithsonian Learning Lab collection on the Reconstruction Era, America's Reconstruction: People and Politics After the Civil War, Freedmen and Southern Society Project: Chronology of Emancipation, Excerpts from the testimony of Maddie Curtis, Excerpt from the conclusion of Holland Thompson, The Resources of North Carolina: Its Natural Wealth, Condition, and Advantages, as Existing in 1869, The Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution, Letter from President Ulysses S. Grant to the Hon. It gave native born blacks citizenship. In actuality carpetbaggers were people who came down from the North to help freedmen and poor whites through the Freedmen's Bureau. Compute the acceleration of the particle after 2 seconds -30. More recent interpretations, however, offer a broader timeline for Reconstruction. WebReconstruction was a significant chapter in the history of civil rights in the United States, but most historians consider it a failure. No. CliffsNotes study guides are written by real teachers and professors, so no matter what you're studying, CliffsNotes can ease your homework headaches and help you score high on exams. It tested the Constitution and resulted in a compromise that ended Reconstruction in America. Which of the following is true of the Civil Rights Act of 1866? WebDuring Reconstruction, three new amendments to the Constitution redefined freedom, citizenship, and democracy in the United States. Civil War & Reconstruction Part 2 Quiz - Quizizz Who were its members? Many Southerners were scared of rebellion. kcP`?=xI87eC{+Fj*?ya Locate the vocabulary word gesticulation in the text. Certainly, there was deep resentment on the part of many white southerners who did not want to accept the idea of racial equality. Following the presentations, the teacher may also wish to lead the class in a discussion of the methodology of this activity, asking students to examine the ways in which maps, pictures, and original documents expanded their understanding of the topic. Microbiology CH9 Genetic Change and Genome Ev. The objective is to show the students how the combination of facts, opinions, statistics, and pictures can broaden their understanding of a subject. It helped the Republicans seat more than 2/3 majority in the House and Congress. Distinguish the central and driving ideas at work in the documents used to illustrate this lesson. No. Despite these violations of both the letter and spirit of his program, the president announced that Reconstruction was complete in December 1865. legislators that were elected to office in the South during Reconstruction? Connected to this question were larger discussions about the rights of four million newly-freed African Americans, the extent to which former Confederates should be punished for their role in the war, the fulfillment of "Manifest Destiny" through westward expansion and settlement of Indian Country, and the meanings of freedom and justice in the United States.