Advertisement. Directions: As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases (at no cost to you) that will help support this website. Brush the top a second time with the beaten egg glaze, then score a pattern with the tip of a sharp knife. Citric acid adds the least after-taste of all these options. But the thing is, classic puff pastry is an absolute pain in the ass to make. You can make so many great recipes with puff pastry. Cut six 12cm squares out of the pastry. This makes it easier to roll out. Everyone is nice to each other and helpful, unlike some of the other cutthroat baking contest shows. Now take some of your rough puff, spread Nutella on half of it, and fold the other half to cover the Nutella, then cook it in your waffle iron/maker. Dessert & Treats Recipes Rub in the chilled butter using your fingertips until the mixture resembles breadcrumbs. Doesnt that look beautiful? Apart from her incredible baking talent, one of the other reasons we love Berry is because she is pragmatic. Grate frozen butter into the same large bowl. Hi! Make a well in the bowl and pour in about two-thirds of 150ml cold water, mixing until you have a firm rough dough adding extra water if needed. window.open(url, "_blank"); I then folded one third down to the center, then the other third up and over that. The folding process, also known as lamination, is meant to give you a layered dough that puffs up when it bakes, hence the name, puff pastry (via Food 52). I experiment with flavors, textures and ingredients, and I love passing on all my tips and tricks to you! Lemon or lime juice this can add some flavor to the dough as well. So refreshing that theyre not beating each other up to win, but are cooperative and supportive. 1 cup + 2 tablespoons or 250g butter, cold. ), Cheesy Mexican Meatball Skillet with Salsa Puff Pastry Chips, How To Make Caramelized White Chocolate Pastry Cream, Chocolate Creme Patissiere (Chocolate Pastry Cream), Perfect Classic Chocolate Eclairs (Foolproof Recipe), How to make Marshmallows (tips and tricks for homemade marshmallows), The Best Homemade Bread (White Bread Recipe), Homemade French Croissants (step by step recipe), Classic Pound Cake (Tips for a Perfect, Moist Pound Cake), How to make the Best Instant Pot Short Ribs, Slow Roasted Salmon with Lemon Butter Sauce. - 1 free-range egg yolk. Make a small slit in the centre of the pie for the steam to escape. Fold it into three and give it a quarter-turn. Remove the lid and continue to fry for a minute to evaporate the liquid. Step 7Divide the apricot filling into 6 and place one portion into the centre of each pastry square. Being tentative about making puff pastry is not a unrealistic fear. Drizzle it in slowly a few tablespoons of water at a time. Turn out on to a lightly floured surface and knead for 5-10 minutes until . FAQ for this easy rough puff pastry recipe. I gave the square a quarter turn, and repeated the rolling and folding. This will increase the buttery lamination layers in fewer folds (basically that means better results with less effort). This rough puff pastry has been a lifesaver for me on many occasions! On a floured surface shape the pastry into a rectangle. You can rub the butter into the four, or grate the butter and add it to the dough. The 15 Best Baking Tips From Mary Berry Taste Of Home. I then made a little well in the dry ingredients, and slowly added ice water, a splash or two at a time, gently mixing everything with a wooden spoon until a firm but rough dough formed. 2. About 2/3 cup or 150ml cold water. Repeat process in steps 3 and 4 to create the third and fourth turns. Sift 250 g (8 oz) plain flour into a bowl. Wrap dough in plastic; refrigerate for at least 30 minutes, and up to 3 days, before using. Keep a pack in the fridge or freezer, or make from scratch. Complete 3 more folds so you have folded the dough about 5 times. Add the onions and fry over a high heat for 3-4 minutes. Gradually add . Berry also has a range of cookbooks and was awarded a Commander of the Order of the British Empire at Windsor Palace (via Forbes). Cover the pan with a lid and cook the onions gently for about 20 minutes until soft. about 150ml cold water. Perhaps I folded 6-7 times : could that have made that much difference (let me do the math! For the rough puff pastry, mix the flour and salt together in a bowl. I have stored this rough puff pastry in the fridge for up to 5 days. Roll out the rest of the pastry in the same way and cut a second round. Perfect!! 1 day ago bbc.co.uk Show details . Spread the filling out a little and dot 4 raspberries over each filling. Use your fingers to spread the remaining 100 grams of chilled butter onto the top two-thirds of the pastry, and gently press it down. Fill a medium liquid cup with water and add plenty of ice. 2. In a small bowl, mix together cream cheese, 1/4 cup sugar, and vanilla until smooth. Fold down the top third and fold up the top third as if you were folding a letter. They are worth the time. In a mixing bowl, mix together frozen mixed berries, lemon juice, lemon zest, maple syrup, and cornstarch. Step 10For the icing, mix the icing sugar with enough lemon juice to make a thick drizzle icing. Set your grated in the flour and then coarsely grate the frozen butter into the flour, gently lifting the flour and tossing everything together to coat the butter. Beat the egg with the yolk until just combined, then gradually add to the butter mixture a tablespoon at a time, beating well after each addition. 2021-11-18 14 Easy Fruit Filled Puff Pastry Desserts For Beginner Bakers Allrecipes. I prefer this over the shortcrust method too. This method of making puff pastry takes short cuts, cutting down on the time it takes to make puff pastry thus giving you a rough puff pastry. I tried this and the butter spilled out everywhere maybe I rolled it too thin? Those beautiful flaky layers puff up as they bake (not to the same extent as classic puff pastry, but this difference is quite negligible to me). I don't want to spend hours on one thing" (via Daily Mail ). Such an easy recipe and delicious. Mary Berry's lemon tart . Give the dough a quarter turn (to the left or right) and roll out again to three times the length. A tip if it takes you some time to get things done divide it in half and let one 1/2 rest in the fridge while you work, then switch putting the completed items back in the fridge while you finish the 2nd 1/2. Leave most of the butter in large, pea-sized pieces. Place the berries in a colander and rinse well, then transfer to a medium size bowl. On myTaste you'll find 37 recipes for mary berry puff pastry recipes as well as thousands of similar recipes. Fold over the portion without butter, towards the middle. I hope that helps, After the last roll of the dough and leave for a day or 2. Roll out, fold, and turn the dough at least 6 or 7 times. Thank you and God bless. To see if this cheaters version could replace the sheets of commercial stuff that live in my freezer, I decided to give rough puff a go. Take a look at that lamination in the photo right at the top of the post, if you dont believe me. Bake the turnovers until puffy and golden brown, about 8 to 10 minutes. Gather the dough in the bowl using one hand, then turn it onto the work surface. Designed & Maintained by All Things Advertising, LLC. 145 Show detail Preview View more . When cubes of butter have become small pieces and dough is grainy, gradually add ice water until fully incorporated, taking care not to overwork the dough. And the recipe is quite flexible too. Fold the turnover into a triangle and using a fork, crimp along the edges making sure to enclose all the filling in the pastry. You can rub the butter into the four, or grate the butter and add it to the dough. Place butter in the freezer for at least two hours. I then put a dab of cream cheese and black raspberry jam in the middle and brought each corner up to form a pinwheel. Place the apricots in a frying pan with the sugar, almond extract, cornflour and lemon juice. Step 6Heat the oven to 220C/200C fan/425F/Gas 7. Wrap the block in cling film and refrigerate it for 30 minutes. Here is the complete recipe of Mary berry crme patisserie. (For reference I ate the whole square of the rough puff, and tossed the store-bought sample.). Mixed Berry Puff Pastry Tart - Delicious Little Bites . Peeled and chopped onion. Now I want to attempt even though I fear it will resemble some of those Pinterest fails I will keep you posted. To make the pie filling, melt the butter in a wide-based saucepan or deep frying pan, add the leeks and onion and fry over a high heat for 2-3 minutes. Place the berries in a colander and rinse well, then transfer to a medium size bowl. Add the butter, working it in to make a coarse/crumbly mixture. Fold down the top third and fold up the bottom third as if folding a letter. Bake in the preheated oven for 40-45 minutes or until the apples are tender and the pastry is , Roasted balsamic beetroot and shallot tart. These are the first 2 turns. 190g/6oz unsalted butter, cold, cut into 2cm/in cubes tbsp lemon juice Method Sift the flour and salt into a large bowl and add the butter. Mediterranean filo pastry pie by Lesley Waters. While she is a trained chef, she's not about kicking up a fuss because, as she put it to Wise Living, "I cook what the family enjoys and what doesn't take too long. Mix the flour and salt together in a bowl. I cannot stress this enough. Make a small slit in the centre of the pie for the steam to escape. Store the wrapped dough in the fridge for at least 30 minutes (longer is even better), to rest the gluten in the dough. I tried with more water, but no luck. Flat Mixing Bowls I like these wide flat bowls if Im kneading dough by hand. Leave to cool slightly before serving. Last updated: Aug 2, 2021 4 min read. Roll the block of pastry into a 40 x 20cm rectangle as before, and fold it into three again. function react(obj,id, value) { This just in: making your own puff pastry is still dumb, I sent to a co-worker over Slack, such was my disappointment. Make the dough: Whisk the flour, sugar, and salt together in a large bowl. How to make this rough puff pastry. Puff Pastry Pockets With Broccoli Potatoes Klara S Life. Method. You completed one fold (while laminating butter). Then fold over the other end, over the first fold. It also involves a cycle of folding butter into dough that is rolled out and then folded over itself the way you might do when you're trying to fold a letter so it fits into an envelope. } Any ideas what went wrong for me? Gosh, guess Ill have to make more. Preheat the oven to 200C/fan 180C/gas 6. I used a square and a cut out star on top of a pot pie filling and washed with an egg wash. Season well with salt and some freshly ground black pepper, then put the filling to one side until the dough is ready. Uh-oh, overstock: Wayfair put their surplus on sale for up to 50% off. Puff pastry is a pain to makeall that rolling, chilling, folding, etc.and the stuff you can buy at the grocery store is good. 50g unsalted butter, chilled and cut into cubes. Gradually add enough water to form a dough (about 4-6 tablespoons of water). Email me at, Click to share on Twitter (Opens in new window), Click to share on Facebook (Opens in new window), Click to share on Tumblr (Opens in new window), Click to share on Pinterest (Opens in new window), Click to share on LinkedIn (Opens in new window), http://www.pbs.org/show/great-british-baking-show/, 14 Easy and Tasty Puff Pastry Recipe Ideas, 50g/1oz butter, chilled and cut into cubes = 1 oz = 2 TBS so a scant 4 TBS. The recipe yield is helpful to disclose: I got about 830gr for the recipe. Stir milk and cup ice water in a measuring cup and drizzle over flour mixture, mixing with a fork until shaggy pieces form. Rough Puff is a quick, light flaky pastry without all of the work of a true Puff Pastry. The thought of so many things going wrong and wasting all of that lovely, butter is just one of the many thoughts running through my head. Mix in enough water to form a reasonably tight but still kneadable dough. Then fold over the top third, like a letter! There is a total of FIVE lamination steps in this rough puff pastry recipe. Chill the finished pastry for an hour, or ideally overnight, before using. I really love it and interested to learn more. Menu Mass-produced puff pastry available at the store, often uses sub-standard ingredients and the difference between that and the stuff you make yourself at home with love and care is pretty easy to tell. Once the dough is made, let it chill in the fridge so that the gluten is allowed to rest more. Submit your question or recipe review here. Rub in the chilled butter until the mixture resembles breadcrumbs. May 10, 2019 - Explore lyn parry's board "pastry puff", followed by 229 people on Pinterest. Repeat the process of adding the remaining frozen butter and fold as before. But if you want a really buttery flavour, try making your own rough puff. Lay your puff pastry on the non stick mat. I first published this rough puff pastry recipe in December 2014, just a few months after I started this blog. Ive always known that frozen puff pastry was made with shortening, not butter, but that had never really bothered me before. Rough puff is made by laminating (or layering) an enriched butter dough. Great brunch or lunch or dinners like these. If the pastry feels greasy at any point, or starts to spring back when as you roll, then cover and chill it for 10 minutes before continuing. Cut each side into 1 inch strips. 14 Easy Fruit Filled Puff Pastry Desserts For Beginner Bakers Allrecipes. Im sure you heard everyone who has tried your rough puff pastry tell you how awesome it is. Loved the recipe then and I love the recipe still and Im very proud of it. This is easy and only requires AP flour, water, salt, butter and a little vinegar. Also known as Rough Puff Pastry? Combine the grated butter with whisked flour, sugar, and salt. Using the fingertips of your other hand, slowly incorporate flour, beginning with inner rim of well. Rub in the chilled butter using your Roll the dough out into a rectangle on a lightly floured work surface.Grate half of the frozen butter over the bottom two thirds of the dough. Makes 3/4 cup of filling. Tried this and I cannot tell you how impressed I am with myself! Preheat the oven to 200C/fan 180C/gas 6. Place the berries in a colander and rinse well, then transfer to a medium size bowl. They taste great and make you look like a pro. Rotate the dough another quarter turn, and repeat two more times. Cover with cling film and leave to rest for 20 mins in the fridge. To see how this would translate into cookies, I made some mini Nutella palmiers. You need to see bits of butter. Set on the lined baking sheet and cover with clingfilm. Touch device users can explore by touch or with swipe gestures. You absolutely can. Step 8Brush the edge of one half of each square with some of the beaten egg, then fold over the other side and seal. You need to see bits of butter. Grate half of the frozen butter over the bottom two thirds of the dough. Fold the short ends over the middle (like a letter) to make three layers. Easy Berry Turnovers Wife Mama Foo. I know everything was cold and frozen. Heat 2 tablespoons of the oil in a large frying pan. Appetizer, Breakfast, Brunch, Desserts, Dinner, Snacks, Butter, Pastry Dough, Puff Pastry, Rough Puff Pastry, I love seeing what youve made! After using the dough, the remaining scraps could maybe re-rolled once. However it still does puff up quite a bit. This recipe is an absolute godsend if youre entertaining guests or hosting a party or family festivities. The quicker you are the better. Make a couple of small steam holes in the centre. Rough-puff pastry 93 ratings Use Gordon Ramsay's recipe when you want a quick, light flaky pastry in minutes Ham & tarragon pot pie 5 ratings Use ready-rolled puff pastry for a fuss-free, midweek masterpiece - fill this pie with pulled ham hock and a creamy, herby sauce Peach puff pastry tart with almonds 5 ratings 2. Set aside to cool. 2. My food is a reflection of those amazing experiences! Fold down the top third and fold up the bottom third as if folding a letter. Holding a small knife blade at right angles to the side of the pastry, knock up the edge all around by making small indentations in the pastry. Excellent recipe! So if you want to use it for something, you will have to roll it out the required thickness before using the pastry. Brush the pie with a little milk, then sprinkle the top with sugar. I tried other short cut puff pastry and for some reason it didnt work out for me. STEP 3 Cover with cling film and leave to rest for 20 mins in the fridge. Sift the flour and salt into a large, roomy bowl. You can use it for sausage rolls, apple turnovers, tarts, and savory pies. 450g plain flour 2tsp baking powder 1tsp salt 125g unsalted butter 2 egg yolks 125ml cold water For the Cornish pasty filling: 450g potato, finely diced 150g swede, finely diced 150g onion, finely chopped 300g beef skirt, finely chopped Salt and black pepper 1tbsp plain flour 40g butter 1 egg, beaten WEIGHT CONVERTER I want to convert. Required fields are marked *. Security Keys Are the Best Way to Protect Your Apple ID, Use a Can of Soup to Make a Lazy Chicken Pot Pie. Theyre all gone! Mixed Berry Puff Pastry Tart - Delicious Little Bites. Lightly flour the work surface and the pastry. Written by the MasterClass staff. Anyway, great post. Brush the pastry border with beaten egg, then gently lay the second pastry round over the filling. Add the onions and fry over a high heat for 34 minutes. 2. If it doesnt puff up, its usually because the butter has incorporated in the dough, and the layers were lost during the folding and rolling. I found it worked great for the two recipes I used it for pot pies and a breakfast pastry. In total, this recipe for rough puff pastry will create a whopping 171 layers of butter within the dough, with just five folds! Add the water and salt and mix to a soft dough. Mixing. It did have layers, I could pull the pot pie top apart a bit, just not flaky ones. 1. Method. The next morning, in the cold light of day, I rolled out my buttery square once more, then cut off a piece and baked it alongside its store-bought cousin in a 400-degree oven. Plum And Marzipan Tarte Tatin Extract From Mary Berry Cooks By How To Bake A. Roasted Tomato Tart With Onion Puff Pastry Salted Mint. Rough puff pastry does not puff as much as regular puff pastry (which is why it is a cheats version). And who doesnt love the names of the hosts Paul Hollywood and Mary Berry perfect! Brush the pie with a little milk, then sprinkle the top with sugar. Fold down the top third and fold up the bottom third, again as if you were folding a letter. Hi 4. Cheat's rough puff pastry recipe - BBC Food . Vegetarian Ketogenic Diet Meal Plan Vegetarian School Lunch Indian Vegetarian Lunch Menu Subway Vegetarian Menu . My boyfriend is so pleased with it that we are using this puff pastry to make cheese danishes for his birthday this year instead of cake. Add enough water to form a firm dough (that is not tacky or too wet). Rub in the chilled butter using your fingertips until the mixture resembles breadcrumbs. While there are many home cooks out there that think making them is well worth the effort, there are others that believe a store-bought version will save you both time and heartache. Fold up the bottom third. Add 90 g (3 oz) each of cubed butter and white vegetable fat, and stir to coat in flour. Roll the dough in one direction only, until 3 times the width, about 20 x 50cm. Tread lightly: youre in the mysterious (magical) terrain . Recipe courtesy of The Great British Baking Show, 750g ready-made butter puff pastry, chilled, 1 large free-range egg, plus 1 yolk, at room temperature. - 175g/6oz plain flour. Making it from scratch seemed absolutely terrifying I didnt grow up with a mom who made pastries with 12 kids in our farm family, a big pan of brownies was the ticket easy, inexpensive and fast. You need to see bits of butter. A keeper for sure! Turn it out onto a floured work surface, and bring it together with a few quick kneads. When I heard of a rough or cheat version, I thought I would try. Using the fingertips of your other hand, slowly incorporate flour, beginning with inner rim of well. Cover the bowl and chill for 15 to 20 minutes. Wrap the dough in cling film and leave to rest in the fridge for 30 minutes before using. This is because you didnt let the dough rest properly after making the puff pastry. Turn the dough so that its open edge is facing to the right, like a book. Cut the cold butter into small cubes. It just wasnt flaky at all. When this dough bakes, the moisture in the butter and dough turns to steam and lifts the layers in the dough (which is what puts the puff in puff pastry) resulting in thin, crispy, buttery layers of delicious pastry! Mille Feuille An Easy Recipe To Make A Cream Pastry Slice. Mix water and lemon juice in a jug. Easy Apple Turnovers Natashaskitchen Com. Preheat oven to 400 degrees. 2022-02-14 To make the pastry the fat needs to be rock-hard from the freezer, so first of all remove a pack of butter from the fridge, weigh out 75g then wrap it in a piece of foil and place it in the freezer or freezing compartment of the fridge for about 45 minutes. Use a spatula or your hands to combine it into a shaggy dough and add in enough water as needed but not too much. Everyone raved about the individual pies I made with this. My husband is now calling me Ma Baker. If you havent watched them you can catch them online herehttp://www.pbs.org/show/great-british-baking-show/. Bake blind for 15 minutes, then remove the beans and paper and cook for a further 5 minutes to dry out the base. Today. I dont know about you, but I adore The Great British Baking Show. Beat in the sugar, then beat thoroughly until the mixture looks pale and fluffy. Here is a recipe for puff pastry from Mary Berry's cookbook: Ingredients: 1 lb (450g) plain flour 1/2 lb (225g) butter 1/2 pt (300ml) water 1 teaspoon salt Sift the flour 264 Show detail Preview View more grams to For pie tops and sausage rolls it hands down beats any commercial pastry for flaky layers and awesome flavour. The reason why an acid (typically in the form of vinegar) is important for the dough is that the acid helps relax the gluten in the flour. Add the butter and rub in with your fingers until the mixture resembles breadcrumbs. Salt and freshly ground black pepper. Stir with a knife. Mound flour in center of a large work surface, and make a well in the middle; place butter and salt in well. 2022-04-12 Raw rashers are taken out of the meat and de-ed. Delicious puff pastry made from scratch that tastes infinitely better than frozen, store-bought puff pastry and it only takes 30 minutes of your time? I tried again (maybe I measured something wrongly), but it did not change. When done, wrap the dough in plastic wrap and chill for at least one hour, or overnight. , 2014-03-28 Put leftovers (stew, roasts and gravy ie any combination of protein and moisture) in a baking dish, place the pastry on top and tuck in the edges. Roll out with flour for desired puff pastry use. I hope you sorted it out. No one can make a dough with 1 1/2 tbsp butter ? 22. You can wrap this again in foil, or put it in an air-tight container as well. Put the flours, salt, eggs and water into a large bowl and gently mix to an even dough with your fingers. Mary Berry shows you how to make a sweet shortcrust pastry, which will form the base of a classic tarte au citron. It didnt puff, which makes me sooo sad! 250g strong plain flour 1 tsp fine sea salt 250g butter about 150ml cold water However, because I can't leave well enough alone, I altered his recipe very slightly, freezing the butter so I could. I love hearing from you! My first try with rough puff pastry. I was born in Sri Lanka, grew up in New Zealand and lived in Australia, and then the US, before moving to Canada in 2019! Mix it together and shape it into a rough square. Dont hesitate to try this recipe. 2014-12-01 Roll the dough out into a long rectangle (about 6 7 inches wide, and 15 16 inches long). - 25g/1oz icing sugar. Bake for 1520 minutes until dark golden brown. Today I am working on some mini-appetizers Ill make my husband eat for supper he kind of likes that sort of thing so all will be good. I am not sure why it is called rough. Definitely this will be my go to recipe! Credit: Andrew. Melting the butter isnt a good idea though because you want to keep the dough as cold as possible. I was in a pinch, with no puff party to be found for New Years. Place the dough in the fridge for 5 - 10 minutes. Roll out the dough into a rectangle three times as long as it is wide. Drizzle 5 TBS of the ice water over the flour evenly. 319 . Mix the flour and salt together in a bowl. Its easier to access the dough and knead it. I personally prefer to cut the dough in half and wrap each portion separately (so that I can freeze the portion I dont need for later). Step 4For the filling, cut the apricot halves into 4 pieces. Gradually add enough water to form a dough. I love that show! To Berry, adapting shortcuts to trim hours in the kitchen means adapting smart cooking and baking hacks, like buying pre-made puff pastry instead of making her own from scratch, because as she put it once, "I can buy it for 2 in a packet and buy a good one. Do you put the second batch of grated butter in freezer or fridge while you reach step#6? Pastry is more of an art than a science it seems to me. Full puff pastry recipe mary berry; Source: lutfihasaan Bake the pastry sheets for 10-15 minutes, or until golden-brown and crisp. Get my curated collection of the Top 10 Flavor Bender recipes! You are viewing this website with an old browser please update to a newer version of Internet Explorer, View our Facebook page (This link opens in a new window), View our Twitter page (This link opens in a new window), View our Instagram page (This link opens in a new window), View our YouTube page (This link opens in a new window), Sign up to pur newsletter (This link opens in a new window). I sifted the flour and salt together, added the the shredded butter, then gently tossed everything together until the butter was well coated. It has become one of my comfort shows I record it and when Im having a bad day I watch some episodes and I feel better by the end. Rub in the chilled butter until the mixture resembles breadcrumbs. After the butter has been incorporated, its time to repeat the folds THREE MORE TIMES. Roll out half the pastry on a lightly floured worktop until slightly thinner than a pound coin. Cream Cheese Danish With Fruit Dinner At The Zoo. 1. Yet, the pastry still comes out unbelievably well. Cut out a round about 23cm in diameter. I even made an error with the dough(did the 5 folds without adding the remaining butter) then added the butter and did another three turns! Add liquids and mix until a rough dough is formed. Explore Puff Pastry Recipe Mary Berry with all the useful information below including suggestions, reviews, top brands, and related recipes, . Work quickly so the butter stays cold. While pulsing an additional 8 - 10 times slowly pour in the water. 2021-12-29 Ernut Squash Mushroom Tart Sally S Baking Addiction. Rolling pin A heavy rolling pin to roll out the dough to create laminated layers. I don't want to spend hours on one thing" (via Daily Mail). Method 1. Roll 2017-09-21 The volatile chefs recipe is very simple; all youll need is: 250g strong plain flour. . When I tried your it was a success your instructions were easy to follow. Thank you for this recipe and method!! 20 Desserts To Make If You Love The Great British Baking Show Away From Box. The volatile chefs recipe is very simple; all youll need is: However, because I cant leave well enough alone, I altered his recipe very slightly, freezing the butter so I could grate it. Next up-palmiers<3. Step 1For the rough puff pastry, mix the flour and salt together in a bowl.