Who made that decision?". No longer would the Monroe Doctrine, which was directed against foreign imperial ambitions in the Americas from across the Atlantic or the Pacific, suffice. In 2012 he succeeded Paul A. Volcker as chairman of the board of trustees of International House, a cultural-exchange residence and program center in New York City. This was followed by a week of bombing ports, ammunition dumps, military barracks and the international airport. Wisner's suicide was "entirely rational, if you can say such a thing," said his niece Jean Lindsey. Media in category "Frank Wisner" The following 3 files are in this category, out of 3 total. We and our partners use cookies to Store and/or access information on a device. As one of the agents involved in Operation Bloodstone, Harry Rositzke, pointed out, Wisner was willing to use anyone "as long as he was anti-communist". Hector and I smiled at each other as Brad flushed with pleasure. [10], Wisner was recruited in 1947 by Dean Acheson to join the State Department to become the Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for Occupied Areas. Frank George Wisner, II (1938 - d.) - Genealogy Richard Bissell - The Connecticut Yankee Behind the Bay of Pigs On Tuesday, Frank Wisner, a former American diplomat, conveyed a most urgent message to Hosni Mubarak of Egypt: Barack Obama would . . "The Empire's Bagman:" Obama Egypt Envoy Frank Wisner Says Mubarak He was first stationed in Cairo where he spent an uneventful year. [13] The OPC initially received services from the CIA but was accountable to the State Department. Wisner, 72, was U.S. ambassador to Egypt from 1986 to 1991 and developed a close relationship with Mubarak in that time, according to Hazard and news reports. Desmond FitzGerald, a deputy director of the CIA, remembered him as a watchmaker in Detroit on whose shoulders it fell far more than any other man, to build our defenses from the ground up and with all speed., 2023 Minute Media - All Rights Reserved. But the navy is watching a Soviet sub in the area; it could be there to evacuate some of Arbenz's friends, or to supply arms to any resisters.". Four months later he agreed to retire from the CIA. Wisner recruited Philip Graham (Washington Post) to run the project within the industry. Frank Wisner was head of Office of Strategic Services operations in southeastern Europe at the end of World War II, and the head of the Directorate of Plans of the Central Intelligence Agency during the 1950s. In August, 1952, the Office of Policy Coordination and the Office of Special Operations (the espionage division) were merged to form the Directorate of Plans (DPP). [9], Immediately after the arrival of Major Robert Bishop (September 9, 1944) as head of X-2 (Counter Espionage) branch in Bucharest, Wisner started the search for German records. It was not successful and still suffering from depression, he was released from hospital in 1958. But Frank was a little excessive, even for me.". Cord Meyer and the Assassination of JFK - The Education Forum On August 29, 1944, Lt. Comdr. She moved to Lodi in 1934. OSS agents penetrated the Romanian Communist Party and Wisner was able to discover that the Soviets intended to take over all of Eastern Europe. Wisner also met Arthur Schlesinger, an OSS sergeant serving in Germany. Mossadegh also abolished Iran's feudal agriculture sector and replaced with a system of collective farming and government land ownership. Frank G. Wisner Jr. grew up in the long shadow of his secret agent father. The CIA sent Wisner to the Sheppard-Pratt Institute, a psychiatric hospital near Baltimore. "What about the Russians? He had upset the US government by nationalizing Iran's oil industry. With so many talented officers working in covert action, and with most of the foreigners involved being friendly collaborators and not "recruited" assets, the do could scarcely base promotions on the number of recruitments a case officer made each year. Wisner's friends believed the illness was triggered by the failure of the Hungarian Uprising. Wisner, as head of the Office of Policy Coordination (OPC), took overall responsibility for the operation. [3] He is the son of CIA official Frank Wisner (19091965). The growth of the OSS brought conflict with John Edgar Hoover who saw it as a rival to the Federal Bureau of Investigation. "He realized that his life would be circumscribed by increasing cycles of depression. He had upset the US government by nationalizing Iran's oil industry. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed. In defiance of federal law, John Loftus asserted, the Office of Policy Coordination helped obtain visas for Nazi collaborators from Belarus who were believed to have facilitated numerous atrocities by the Nazi Germany. During the war William Donovan as head of the OSS, had built up a team of 16,000 agents working behind enemy lines. This included James Truitt, Russell Wiggins, Phil Geyelin, John Hayes and Alan Barth. Finally Brad (Colonel Albert Haney) rehearsed his speech. Secretary of State John Foster Dulles added that the Guatemala people were living under a "communist type of terrorism". Frank George Wisner II (born July 2, 1938) is an American businessman and former diplomat who had served as acting United States Secretary of State for a few hours following the resignation of the previous acting United States Secretary of State Arnold Kanter at noon on January 20, 1993 until the confirmation by the United States Senate and What right do we have to help someone topple his government and throw him out of office?" This included George Kennan, Dean Acheson, Richard Bissell, Desmond FitzGerald, Joseph Alsop, Stewart Alsop, Tracy Barnes, Thomas Braden, Philip Graham, David Bruce, Clark Clifford, Walt Rostow, Eugene Rostow, Chip Bohlen, Cord Meyer, James Angleton, William Averill Harriman, John McCloy, Felix Frankfurter, John Sherman Cooper, James Reston, Allen W. Dulles and Paul Nitze. He was a good sprinter and hurdler and in 1936 was asked to compete in the Olympic trials. To view the purposes they believe they have legitimate interest for, or to object to this data processing use the vendor list link below. Wisner was a genteel lawyer from Mississippi who grew bored with office life and joined the Navy. Frank Wisner - SourceWatch Frank Wisner was the first American in, and this - you're talking August, September - I guess September of 1944. On June 18, 1948, the United States National Security Council approved NSC 10/2 which created the Office of Special Projects. Wisner remained concerned about the spread of communism and began lobbying for a new intelligence agency. No longer would the Monroe Doctrine, which was directed against foreign imperial ambitions in the Americas from across the Atlantic or the Pacific, suffice. During this period Wisner worked closely with Kim Philby, the British Secret Intelligence Service (SIS) liaison in Washington. You've averted a Soviet beachhead in our hemisphere." He could do that, because he was powerful. The real Angleton, the real Frank Wisner, the real Bill Harvey are stories in their own right. However, Barnes convinced him that it was vital important that the Soviets did not establish a "beachhead in Central America". Funded with money from the CIA and MI6, the pro-monarchy forces quickly gained the upper hand. He condemned the Great Purge and accused Stalin of abusing his power. The DPP now accounted for three quarters of the CIA budget and 60% of its personnel. Other journalists willing to promote the views of the CIA included Ben Bradlee (Newsweek), James Reston (New York Times), Charles Douglas Jackson (Time Magazine), Walter Pincus (Washington Post), William C. Baggs (Miami News), Herb Gold (Miami News) and Charles Bartlett (Chattanooga Times). We and our partners use data for Personalised ads and content, ad and content measurement, audience insights and product development. The Scroll and Key tomb is admired for its Moorish Revival style Scroll and Key, Yale, New Haven, Connecticut Internationalist, abrasive, competitive, these men had an unshakeable belief in their value system, and in their duty to offer it to others. Wisner's suicide was "entirely rational, if you can say such a thing," said his niece Jean Lindsey. This included the claim that Guatemala was the beginning of "Soviet expansion in the Americas". In 1954 Wisner arranged for the funding the Hollywood production of Animal Farm, the animated allegory based on the book written by George Orwell. Over the next few weeks thousands were arrested on suspicion of communist activity. They were defiant and proud, but besieged. I suspect that had we known more (it would have just made us more appreciative.) Dulles decided that Richard Bissell rather than Richard Helms should become the new head of the DPP. It is doubtful that many of the lawmakers who voted for the 1947 Act could have envisioned the scale on which the CIA would engage in operational activities all over the world. Now internal subversion communism from within - was an additional cause for direct action. At this time Wisner began plotting the overthrow of Mohammed Mossadegh in Iran. Castillo now reversed the Arbenz reforms. Wisner also met Arthur Schlesinger, an OSS sergeant serving in Germany. Later, John Loftus, a prosecutor with the Office of Special Investigations at the U.S. Justice Department, accused Wisner of methodically recruiting Nazi war criminals. He was diagnosed as manic depressive and received electroshock therapy. This was followed by a week of bombing ports, ammunition dumps, military barracks and the international airport. According to Deborah Davis (Katharine the Great): "By the early 1950s, Wisner 'owned' respected members of the New York Times, Newsweek, CBS and other communications vehicles.". At this time Wisner began plotting the overthrow of Mohammed Mossadegh in Iran. While the Guatemalan government valued $2.99 per acre, the American government valued it at $75 per acre. ", Wisner, who had been involved in creating this propaganda, told friends that he felt the American government had let Hungary down. He was a good sprinter and hurdler and in 1936 was asked to compete in the Olympic trials. Others like Stewart Alsop, Joseph Alsop and James Reston, were recruited from within the Georgetown Set. Wisner Sr. died in 1965 by michael gordon. View. Harrison E. Salisbury commented: "He (Wisner) was the key to a great many things, a brilliant, compulsive man, of enormous charm, imagination, and conviction that anything, anything could be achieved and that he could achieve it. An indictment of the CIA, through the lives of four spies The President's final handshake was with Alien Dulles. Feit Frank Visner aka Wisner or Vizner was born about 1857 in Cslav, Kutn Hora District, (Central Bohemian District), Bohemia, Austria. Thomas Braden later recalled: "Wisner brought in a whole load of fascists after the war, some really nasty people. The lights were turned off while Brad used slides during his report. In 1948 Frank Wisner was appointed director of the Office of Special Projects. David Atlee Phillips was appointed to run the propaganda campaign against Arbenz's government. With the help of George Kennan, the Office of Special Projects was created in 1948. Under this innocuous title, the United States was now fully in the business of covert political operations. All rights reserved. Wisner was told to create an organization that concentrated on "propaganda, economic warfare; preventive direct action, including sabotage, anti-sabotage, demolition and evacuation measures; subversion against hostile states, including assistance to underground resistance groups, and support of indigenous anti-Communist elements in threatened countries of the free world". [20] After a lengthy recovery, Wisner became chief of the CIA's London Station. "The cable was from Des FitzGerald. These organizations were run by people with well-known right-wing views such as William Paley (CBS), Henry Luce (Time Magazine and Life Magazine), Arthur Hays Sulzberger (New York Times), Alfred Friendly (managing editor of the Washington Post), Jerry O'Leary (Washington Star), Hal Hendrix (Miami News), Barry Bingham Sr., (Louisville Courier-Journal), James Copley (Copley News Services) and Joseph Harrison (Christian Science Monitor). Frank Wisner was born in Laurel, Mississippi, in 1910. Wisner left Bucharest in the last week of January 1945.[6]. Wisner's other great success was the overthrow of Jacobo Arbenz. It did not take him long to discover that some of them had been active in left-wing politics in the 1930s. Funded with money from the CIA and MI6, the pro-monarchy forces quickly gained the upper hand. Toriello accused the United States government of categorizing "as communism every manifestation of nationalism or economic independence, any desire for social progress, any intellectual curiosity, and any interest in progressive liberal reforms.". On January 31, 2011, he was sent to Egypt by President Barack Obama to negotiate a resolution to the popular protests against the regime that had swept the country. He is the son of Frank Wisner, Sr., a man very well known at the CIA, who was the operational chief to conduct at least three coups d'tat--Arbenz in Guatemala, Mossadeq . After Cairo (from June 15, 1944) he spent three months in OSS Istanbul, Turkey, as head of SI (Secret Intelligence) branch. Among his overseas assignments, Wisner served as the United States Ambassador to Zambia (197982); Egypt (198691), the Philippines (199192), and India, 199497. This included James Truitt, Russell Wiggins, Phil Geyelin, John Hayes and Alan Barth. degree. After 1953 the network was overseen by Allen W. Dulles, director of the Central Intelligence Agency. This included former members of the Nazi Party such as Gustav Hilger and Hans von Bittenfield. Edit your search or learn more. As a result Philby was forced to leave the United States. Wisner arrived in England in September, 1959. Later, several of the people involved in Operation Success, including Richard Bissell and Tracy Barnes, regretted the outcome of the Guatemala Coup. Hoover also passed to McCarthy details of an affair that Wisner had with Princess Caradja in Romania during the war. An example of data being processed may be a unique identifier stored in a cookie. According to Phillips he initially questioned the right of the CIA to interfere in Guatemala: In his autobiography Phillips claims he said to Barnes: "But Arbenz became President in a free election. However, in 1947, he was recruited by Dean Acheson, to work under Charles Saltzman, at the State Department's Office of Occupied Territories. As Thomas Polgar later pointed out: "Sure, we never said rise up and revolt, but there was a lot of propaganda that led the Hungarians to believe that we would help. Eisenhower's first question was to Hector (Rip Robertson): "How many men did Castillo Armas lose?" In the cases of Frank Wisner and Philip Graham, it played a role in their suicides. Required fields are marked *. The lighted shaft of the Washington Monument could be seen through the trees. Frank Wisner. Accepting that further resistance would only bring more deaths he announced his resignation over the radio. It was a warm summer night. Frank Gardiner Wisner (June 23, 1909 October 29, 1965) was one of the founding officers of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) and played a major role in CIA operations throughout the 1950s. When he finished Alien Dulles said, "Brad, I've never heard such crap." They were the patricians of the modern age, the paladins of democracy, and saw no contradiction in that. "Thanks Allen, and thanks to all of you. On January 31, 2011, he was sent to Egypt by President Barack Obama to negotiate a resolution to the popular protests against the regime that had swept the country. If it gets near the coast of Guatemala we'll sink the son-of-a-bitch. ' First headed by Allen Dulles, Wisner succeeded Dulles in 1951 when Dulles was named Director of Central Intelligence. Frank Wisner was married to Christine de Ganay, the stepmother of Nicolas Sarkozy, the President of France from 2007 until 2012. After retiring from government service in 1997, Wisner joined the board at a subsidiary of Enron, the former energy company and served on the board of American International Group (AIG). Frank Wisner, Jr., had a more steady career in the State Department, was the ambassador in Egypt between 1986 and 1991. . This was the elite which ran American foreign policy and shaped legislation at home. I myself was no great admirer of the Soviet Union, and I certainly had no expectation of harmonious relations after the war. [8] Twelve B-17 Flying Fortress planes flew out the prisoners in hourly shifts. At Arlington Cemetery, Frank Wisner was buried as a naval commander, his wartime rank. The UN Secretary-General Dag Hammarskjold was so upset by the actions of the USA that he considered resigning from his post. The CIA was also busy bribing Arbenz's military commanders. In the darkness I could see only a silhouette of the person entering the room; when the door closed it was dark again, and I could not make out the features of the man standing next to me. Feb 21, 11:00 am. The most active element of this special staff came from the CIA's clandestine Air Division which at that time was under the control of Dick Helms. A month earlier word had spread through the agency that the New York Times was embarking on a first-ever investigation of the CIA. Wisner was too ill to return to his post as head of the DDP. . Khrushchev's de-Stalinzation policy encouraged people living in Eastern Europe to believe that he was willing to give them more independence from the Soviet Union. The CIA sent Wisner to the Sheppard-Pratt Institute, a psychiatric hospital near Baltimore. The UN Secretary-General Dag Hammarskjold was so upset by the actions of the USA that he considered resigning from his post. Allen W. Dulles therefore sent him to London to be CIA chief of station in England. "He just has many, many friends in. This became the espionage and counter-intelligence branch of the Central Intelligence Agency. http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/JFKwisner.htm, Your email address will not be published. In 1951 Allen W. Dulles persuaded Cord Meyer to join the CIA. Frank Wisner | Military Wiki | Fandom The company wanted $16 million for the land. Harvey reported back in June 1951 that he was convinced that Philby was a KGB spy. Frances Stonor Saunders, the author of Who Paid the Piper: The CIA and the Cultural Cold War? As one of the agents involved in Operation Bloodstone, Harry Rositzke, pointed out, Wisner was willing to use anyone "as long as he was anti-communist". They also produced three films on Guatemala for showing free in cinemas. Over the next few weeks riots took place in Poland and East Germany. Thus by overthrowing him, America was in effect making a new decision in the cold war. He retired in 1963, and committed suicide with a shotgun in 1965. He worked tirelessly during the Hungarian Uprising in 1956 to roll back Soviet expansion, but was largely ignored for fear of triggering a nuclear war. On April 4, 1953, Wisner persuaded Allen W. Dulles to approve $1 million to be used "in any way that would bring about the fall of Mossadegh." When this failed he put pressure on Security Council members to vote against the resolution. Other journalists willing to promote the views of the CIA included Stewart Alsop (New York Herald Tribune), Ben Bradlee (Newsweek), James Reston (New York Times), Charles Douglas Jackson (Time Magazine), Walter Pincus (Washington Post), William C. Baggs (Miami News), Herb Gold (Miami News) and Charles Bartlett (Chattanooga Times). (A separate Office of Special Operations conducted secret actions aimed solely at gathering intelligence.) Evan Thomas, the author of The Very Best Men: The Early Years of the CIA (1995), argues that Joseph Alsop and Stewart Alsop worked very closely with Winser. After Pearl Harbor, he. The President strode from the room. . "Tomorrow morning, gentlemen," Dulles said, "we will go to the White House to brief the President. Frank Gardner Wisner was born in Laurel, Mississippi, in 1910. On October 28, before he drove out to his farm on the Eastern Shore of Maryland, she called the caretaker and asked him to remove the guns from the house. Later, John Loftus, a prosecutor with the Office of Special Investigations at the U.S. Justice Department, accused Wisner of methodically recruiting Nazi war criminals. The Office of Policy Coordination (OPC) was funded by siphoning of funds intended for the Marshall Plan. With so many talented officers working in covert action, and with most of the foreigners involved being friendly collaborators and not "recruited" assets, the do could scarcely base promotions on the number of recruitments a case officer made each year. As previously described at Mental Floss, one of their more brilliant, but alas, never executed, operations involved airdropping enormous condoms labeled medium behind the Iron Curtain, as a way of demonstrating the anatomical superiority of the American fighting man.). Name: Frank Wisner Henry Cabot Lodge tried to block the Security Council from discussing a resolution to send an investigation team to Guatemala. Death 29 Oct 1965 (aged 56) Kent . This became the espionage and counter-intelligence branch of the Central Intelligence Agency. After graduating Wisner worked as a Wall Street lawyer. (A separate Office of Special Operations conducted secret actions aimed solely at gathering intelligence.) Eisenhower turned to his Chief of the Joint Chiefs. Virtual Roundtable: Life Lessons Learned With Frank G. Wisner With the help of Romanian Intelligence, they manage to obtain tons of records, including SD files, 200 rolls of German film and a large amount of Russian information. Vibrant democratic parties, even socialist ones, were preferable to a Communist victory. A large number of these prisoners were tortured or killed. Soon afterwards it was renamed the Office of Policy Coordination (OPC). A decision was reached to create an organization within the CIA to conduct secret political operations. . It was a warm summer night. He talked about his children. Work out a new speech for Brad We went to the White House in the morning. Wisner focused his efforts on psychological warfare, most notably through Operation Mockingbird, wherein the OPC sought to influence foreign mediaand who better to plant propaganda than the press itself? Early life [ edit] On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. [1] He was also tapped for the Seven Society. Eisenhower shook his head, perhaps thinking of the thousands who had died in France. Wisner, one of the early members of the Central Intelligence Agency, helped build, and was the . By this time Operation Mockingbird had a major influence over 25 newspapers and wire agencies. However, Wisner was cleared of all suspicions by the CIA Office of Security. Wisner committed suicide. Frank Wisner, the Envoy Sent to Prod Mubarak - The New York Times He eventually had a breakdown, was hospitalized, and received an aggressive course of electroshock therapy. . PDF The Good Shepherd - Central Intelligence Agency In Hungary the prime minister Imre Nagy removed state control of the mass media and encouraged public discussion on political and economic reform.
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