Following studies were excluded: studies exploring the repellency effect of chemical-based products, studies examining the repellency effect of animal extracts, animal studies (studies not on human subjects), articles without full texts, reviews, duplicate articles, abstracts, republished data, comments, conference papers, editorials, and studies with insufficient data. Thymeisone of nine species belonging to T. serpyllum, aperennialaromaticplantoftheMediterranean flora [69]. <>/XObject<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 595.02 841.92] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>> Asian Pac J Trop Med. SAFE FOR YOUR KIDS Our spray is DEET-free, as recommended by the American Academy of Pediatrics. Curr Biol. published up to July 2018 were systematically searched through electronic databases PubMed, MEDLINE, Web of Science, Literature retrieval System of the Armed Forces Pest Management Board, Scopus and Google Scholar using the following Medical Subject Headings (Mesh) and keywords: (((Plant [Title/Abstract]) OR Plants [Title/Abstract]) OR herbal [Title/Abstract]) AND (botanical [Title/Abstract]) AND ((extract [Title/Abstract]) OR extracts [Title/Abstract]) AND ((essential oil [Title/Abstract]) OR essential oils [Title/Abstract]) AND (((((Insect repellent [Mesh]) OR repellents) OR repellent) OR repellence) OR repellency) AND ((Anopheles [Mesh]) OR Anopheles [Title/Abstract]). 2011;1:438. Citronella oil could provide sufficient protection time against mosquitoes. It has a distinctive odor which may make it difficult for some insect to The study is to be conducted on the year 2019 at Buenavista Homes, Jugan, Consolacion, Cebu. None of the studies reported the inclusion and exclusion criteria explicitly other than specifying a healthy volunteer. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. Asian Pac J Trop Med. Vector Control: Insecticide: "An insecticide is a substance used to kill insects" (IUPAC, 2006). [6], has a percentage repellency of 79.7 against Anopheles arabiensis. A screening of titles and abstracts followed by a full-text review was performed by two investigators. properties of lemon grass and use it as an individual and area spray. stephensi for 8h, while Eucalyptus globulus complete protection time was reported to be 5.5h. Auysawasdi et al. Lemongrass has insecticidal properties and the extracted oil is used as Bioresource Technol. Outcomes measures were percentage repellency and protection time. Mosquito landing From the Weed Society of Pakistan (2019), it is stated that the very high boiling points which separates organic compounds from plant parts. Mosquito repellent activity of essential oil of Ethiopian ethnomedicinal plant against Afro-tropical malarial vector Anopheles arabiensis. Amer A, Mehlhorn H. Repellency effect of forty-one essential oils against Aedes, Anopheles, and Culex mosquitoes. A literature review. By To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. 1 0 obj [42] used basil essential oil at 0.02, 0.10, and 0.21mg/cm2 concentrations against An. The repellent contains oil of eucalyptus and is marketed under two names: Repel Lemon Eucalyptus Insect Repellent (WPC Brands) and Fite Bite Plant-Based Insect Repellent (Travel. 2014;4:S21420. related studies about lemongrass as insect repellent Gramineae). If a consensus was not reached, another reviewer was consulted to resolve any feasible discrepancies. 2009;41:28. 2015;5(suppl 1):S6772. 23352, Indonesia utilizing mosquito repellent plants, such as lemongrass. [6], with complete protection time for 8h, had a good effectiveness in preventing against An. gambiae [54]. lemongrass oil, it should be mixed with alcohol to ensure the safety of the product when . Malar J. Effective on black flies, mosquitoes, fleas, and ticks. stephensi for 8h, had a good effectiveness in preventing Anopheles mosquitoes. For other plants, the underlying mechanism remains to be elucidated. endobj bottle. 2012;38:1416. J King Saud Univ Sci. All titles and abstracts were screened by two independent investigators for eligibility. statement and Privacy REPELS & PROTECTS. In addition to being a plant-based mosquito repeller, this spray will kill and repel hundreds of common pests, such as gnats, ticks, fleas, no-see-ums, spiders, and other biting flies. Lemongrass attracts a wide variety of beneficial insects that help keep your garden healthy and reduce the need for pesticides. Soderlund DM, Bloomquist JR. Neurotoxic actions of pyrethroid insecticides. Almehmadi RM. The 20% oil solution of T. minuta in the study conducted by Amer et al. It works on insects without harming or Insect repellents may have different characteristics but serve the same purpose 10ml of water [6], 20% oil solution of basil essential oil, with mean percentage repellency of 66.7%, had 100% protective impact against An. Moreover, when it comes to ants, the product can 100% Durrani F, Ismail M, Sultan A, Suhail S, Chand N, Durrani Z. In addition, studies were excluded if the information could not be extracted. Although lemongrass does not attract any beneficial insects directly, it does provide them with food sources during their lifecycles. J Food Agric Environ. Effectiveness of plant-based repellents against different, https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-019-3064-8, https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/handle/10919/71810, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/. Liloan is a municipality in the northern part of Cebu Insecticidal Properties of Lemongrass Bioresource Technol. Citronella. [6], with mean percentage repellency 71% had a complete protection time for 3h against An. DEET-free. 2001;26:7682. 25 mosquito landing attempts. citronella oil, which is used in soaps, as a mosquito repellent in insects sprays Neem isa versatile tree broadly grown in tropical areas of India [76]. 2012;111:224151. According to Fernandez (2013), it is said that some bottle of lemongrass of lemongrass oil. 2011;88:4818. 2011;15:10109. Insect repellents: principles, methods and uses. Individuals This review aimed to examine the effectiveness of citronella oil as mosquito repellent in comparisons with other repellents and/or placebo. % 2011;1:S1138. stephensi. Article Haldar KM, Ghosh P, Chandra G. Larvicidal, adulticidal, repellency and smoke toxic efficacy of Ficus krishnae against Anopheles stephensi Liston and Culex vishnui group mosquitoes. interest in utilizing the plant as the main ingredient in the product due to its. Google Scholar. Am J Biomed Life Sci. Govindarajan M. Larvicidal and repellent activities of Sida acuta Burm. Ansari M, Mittal P, Razdan R, Sreehari U. Larvicidal and mosquito repellent activities of pine (Pinus longifolia, Family: Pinaceae) oil. Safe (GRAS)s list which means it is extremely safe (Gumban, 2019). J Vector Borne Dis. that does not guarantee the safety of their families. Trop Med Int Health. Related Studies Insecticides & Repellents Use these natural insecticides to repel and eliminate harmful pests. boiling temperature of water. PubMed Central 1997;123:37986. 1989;34:7796. Some data proposes that these agents interfere with olfactory receptors of mosquitoes [82]. Fish Shellfish Immunol. Tavassoli M, Shayeghi M, Abai MR, Vatandoost H, Khoobdel M, Salari M, et al. Specifically, it seeks to answer to the following questions: 1. 2014;13:209. The following categories of products use botanicals or plant extracts that are applied to plant foliage. dirus for 0.83h. Phasomkusolsi et al. Madhiyazhagan P, Murugan K, Kumar AN, Nataraj T. Extraction of mosquitocidals from Ocimum canum leaves for the control of dengue and malarial vectors. 2003;88:25360. recommend the following: For the Future Researchers who would like to conduct the experiment that in This paper . Repellency effects of essential oils of Myrtle (Myrtus communis), Marigold (Calendula officinalis) compared with DEET against Anopheles stephensi on human volunteers. lemongrass on mosquitoes and ants in an open area. 2014;2:707. In the study, the essential oil was applied to the skin of test subjects, and the number of mosquito bites received was significantly reduced compared to a control group. One study from 2011 using multiple species of mosquito found that up to 95% of mosquitos from one species were repelled due to the oil's strong odor over a 2.5 hour period (2). [22], C. zeylanicum at 1mg/cm2 showed 1h protection against An. any chemical substance that may irritate sensitive skin immediately. [12] in a field trial revealed that 1ml peppermint oil without dilution completely repels Anopheles annularis, An. This review calls for the attention of entomologists and people in the field of mosquito-transmitted diseases for understanding the value and potential position of the plant-derived repellents and their role in disease control. Google Scholar. According to Amerasinghe (2006), major health gains and important 2015;114:60112. J Herb Spice Med Plants. In 2 studies, repellency effectiveness of myrtle was investigated. In 2 studies, repellency effectiveness of tagetes was explored. Wiwit Aditama Materials and Methods Department of Environmental Health, Banda Aceh Polytechnic of Health of The Ministry of Health, Indonesia, Jl. insect repellent. Sprinkle small clippings of lemongrass around the outside of your home, or along the baseboards. Reegan AD, Kinsalin AV, Paulraj MG, Ignacimuthu S. Larvicidal, ovicidal and repellent activities of marine sponge Cliona celata (Grant) extracts against Anopheles stephensi Liston (Diptera: Culicidae). 2008;319:183842. Moreover, 100l and 0.1ml of citronella grass essential oil showed 2.16 and 0.8h complete protection time against An. (E. Lemongrass oil, Eucalyptus oil, etc.). The 20% oil solution of rosemary in the study conducted by Amer et al. Its easy to apply just dot on exposed skin and blend in. Pol J Microbiol. Liloan, Cebu 6002 Philippines. Google Scholar. Even though the researchers couldnt afford to conduct experiment in Bahuguna V. Silviculture and management practices for cultivation of Azadirachta indica (Neem). Peppermintisa hybridmintfrom cross-breeding spearmint (Mentha spicata) and water mint (Mentha aquatica), which contains biologically active constituents and has high menthone, menthol and methyl esters. P. 19. Moreover, in this study, many investigated citations showed the effectiveness of plant repellents against Anopheles spp. While, in another study [45], it repelled An. Konan Y, Sylla M, Doannio J, Traor S. Comparison of the effect of two excipients (karite nut butter and vaseline) on the efficacy of Cocos nucifera, Elaeis guineensis and Carapa procera oil-based repellents formulations against mosquitoes biting in Ivory Coast. Alayo M, Femi-Oyewo M, Bakre L, Fashina A. Larvicidal potential and mosquito repellent activity of Cassia mimosoides extracts. If a consensus was reached, a study was excluded or selected to full-text screening. In contrast, Seyoum et al. Malar J. 2016;115:180716. Lemongrass is an excellent tool for keeping pests at bay. 2011;5:1022. CAS insect repellent spray which can be poisonous, lemongrass is organic and safe as it was In the study, the essential oil was applied to the skin of test subjects, and the number of mosquito bites received was significantly reduced compared to a control group. Int J Pharm Phytochem Res. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative. SAFE FOR CHILDREN: No-Bite-Me is a completely safe, natural bug repellent. Solomon B, Gebre-Mariam T, Asres K. Mosquito repellent actions of the essential oils of Cymbopogon citratus, Cymbopogon nardus and Eucalyptus citriodora: evaluation and formulation studies. 2010;106:121723. volume18, Articlenumber:436 (2019) Saudi J Biol Sci. f. & Thomson (Annonaceae) against three mosquito species Aedes aegypti (L.), Anopheles dirus (Peyton and Harrison), and Culex quinquefasciatus (Say). 2011;4:698705. J Amer Soc Hort Sci. Auysawasdi N, Chuntranuluck S, Phasomkusolsil S, Keeratinijakal V. Improving the effectiveness of three essential oils against Aedes aegypti (Linn.) Manage cookies/Do not sell my data we use in the preference centre. found that Neem extract is not affective against An. Many people are naturally worried about the safety of their pets when using an insect repellents device. Iranian J Arthropod Borne Dis. Catnipisa perennial plant that belongs to the mint family, Labiatae. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-019-3064-8, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-019-3064-8. In 6 studies, repellency effectiveness of basil against different Anopheles species was investigated. Canadian Vet J. [11] found that citronella obtained from lemongrass has a 100% repellency effect against Anopheles culicifacies for 11h. Amer et al. [6, 52, 59], depending on the concentration of extracts and Anopheles species, was reported to be 52 to 85%. All data generated or analysed during this study are included in this published article. since every materials we used were found at home, we only spent money for our stephensi. Parasite. All eligible studies on the repellency effects of plants against Anopheles mosquitoes published up to July 2018 were systematically searched through PubMed/Medline, Scopus and Google scholar databases. Cloveisa naturally occurring spice which has been shown to possess anti-bacterial, anti-oxidant, anti-pyretic, anti-candidal, and aphrodisiac activities [78]. insect repellent. 2012;2:6027. alcohol (Aegis Pest Services, LTC., 2018). A must have for weekend trips, camping, and travel. Lemongrass is a natural pesticide. Powered by natural essential oils, our premium formula is proven to kill and repel pests like mosquitoes and fleas. Kongkaew C, Sakunrag I, Chaiyakunapruk N, Tawatsin A. stephensi for 8h, had a good effectiveness in preventing An. Aquaculture. In fact, many studies have shown that lemon grass is not as effective as Deet, which is the most widely-used insect repellent in the United States. Youll want to make sure that you wash away any dirt or debris that may be left on your plant before placing it into your garden bed or potting soil so theres no chance of spreading disease or pests throughout your garden space during planting time. 2012;4:257. Meat Sci. DEET-FREE & VERSATILE. 2019 Sep 3;56(5):1346-1352. doi: 10.1093/jme/tjz078. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of lemon grass leaves extract as an alternative Mosquito repellent. Herbal insecticides, repellents and biomedicines: effectiveness and commercialization. [47] also found that 0.1ml of peppermint essential oil protect against An. Benefits of Lemongrass Oil as Natural Alternative Insect Repellent 3 0 obj [27], orange extract at 50, 150 and 250, 350, and 450ppm showed 0, 0.5, 0.5, 1.5 and 2h complete protection time repellency (100%) against An. In addition to repelling insects, lemongrass can also help repel harmful bacteria around your house or yard. A safe, effective alternative to traditional bug repellent sprays, and a more versatile option than bracelets, lotions, candles and torches. 3 affordable? about in our project. bites has not yet been completely clarified. 2012;111:195364. Figure 2. The present systematic review was performed to reveal which plant-based repellent can be relied on to provide a prolonged and predictable protection from species of Anopheles mosquitoes without causing side effects on human health. The repellency effect of citronella was investigated in several studies. For the Parents/Guardians that this will serve as a guide for taking care of their children The Table 3 showed the results of the experiment in terms of the affordability of ), Anopheles dirus (Peyton and Harrison) and Culex quinquefasciatus (Say). By using this website, you agree to our Miele M, Dondero R, Ciarallo G, Mazzei M. Methyleugenol in Ocimum basilicum L. Cv genovese gigante. arabiensis. be brought in the market (Fernandez, 2013). Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 2010;41:831. In the present systematic review the highest repellency effect against Anopheles mosquitoes was found from L. sinense extract, followed by citronella, pine, D. sissoo, peppermint and R. mucronata oils with complete protection time ranging from 9.1 to 11.5h. Essential oils from plants such as lavender, camphor, catnip, geranium, jasmine, broad-leaved eucalyptus, lemongrass, lemon-scented eucalyptus, amyris, narrow-leaved eucalyptus, carotin, cedarwood, chamomile, cinnamon oil, juniper, cajeput, soya bean, rosemary, niaouli, olive, tagetes, violet, sandalwood, litsea, galbanum, and C. longa also showed good repellency with 8h complete repellency against different species of Anopheles genus. 2011;4:10611. ), Anopheles minimus (Theobald) and Culex quinquefasciatus Say based on protection time and biting rate. effectiveness of lemon grass oil as a natural insect repellent. gambiae is able to detect citronellal molecules by olfactory neurons in the antenna controlled by the TRPA1 gene, activated directly by the molecule with high potency [83, 84]. 2012;44:7989. Furthermore, these related Characterization and evaluation of repellent effect of essential oil of Mangifera indica L. from Kenya. Parasitol Res. 2. <> mosquitoes, and, (iii) reported the percentage of repellency or complete protection time. Studies were included in the present systematic review if they met these criteria: (i) full-text publication was written in English, (ii) inspected the repellency effects of plant extracts and essential oils against malaria vectors, Anopheles spp. Tuetun B, Choochote W, Kanjanapothi D, Rattanachanpichai E, Chaithong U, Chaiwong P, et al. study: Citronella Grass (Lemongrass) are the species used for production of Insect odorant receptors are molecular targets of the insect repellent. dirus. 2005;19:3039. How many insects would be repelled by the repellent containing lemongrass oil? Phytochemistry. The authors declare that they have no competing interests. No fuss. prevent arthropod borne diseases. significance of lemongrass as a main ingredient for making insect repellent and how Rosemary isan evergreen aromatic shrub with a Mediterranean origin, which belongs to Lamiaceae (Labiatae) family [77]. lemongrass is extracted by steam distillation which is simply by pouring boiling Phytother Res. THE EFFECTIVENESS OF LEMON GRASS ( Cymbopogon Citratus) AS NATURAL ANT REPELLENT Presented by: ANDREI E. ELUMBA JOHNREI J. LIM Accordingly, the idea of using natural mosquito repellent products as an alternative to develop new eco-friendly repellents could be an amicable solution to scale back the undesirable effects on environment and human health. As a result, it may only work for a short period of time before it loses its effectiveness and needs to be reapplied regularly throughout the day while you are outdoors during peak mosquito season (April through October). Distillation Process is technique used for separating substances which are The studies in the last two decades have focused on the search for new natural repellents and some plants displayed good repellent activities, but few natural products have been developed so far [88, 89]. A total of 5 studies examined the repellency effect of different sub-species of eucalyptus. Yogananth N, Anuradha V, Ali MYS, Muthezhilan R, Chanthuru A, Prabu MM. J Essent Oil Bearing Plants. This study is only limited to determine the effectiveness of the lemon grass (Cymbopogon citratus) crude extract an alternative repellent. according to an article of new tech bio. Seyoum A, Plsson K, Kunga S, Kabiru E, Lwande W, Killeen G, et al. Pour the mixture in a spray bottle. the related studies. Extraction Process INNOVATIVE BOTANICAL FORMULA Our spray consists of essential oils carried in purified water and plant-based preservatives. Mayeku W, Omollo N, Odalo O, Hassanali A. Php 40 it is highly affordable than the other chemical insect repellent that can Lemongrass. alternative insect repellent. 1999;36:6259. Trop Med Int Health. materials needed: Nour AH, Elhussein SA, Osman NA, Nour AH. Parasitol Res. Tyagi B. Table1 summarizes the characteristics and main results of the eligible studies. The study has found out that lemongrass is an effective and alternative natural ant repellent. Presently, there is no effective prophylactic anti-malarial vaccine and no suitable preventive measure other than vector control is available [5]. 2008;103:52934. 2009;27:2632. 2016;6:9738. Thus, plants with potential repellency properties should be tested for their possible unpleasant side effects before introducing as alternative products. Unfortunately, a few studies aimed to compare repellency efficacy of a special plant on subspecies of Anopheles. NO HARSH CHEMICALS, ARTIFICIAL PRESERVATIVES OR TOXINS Great for families and the environment. [50] also supported that burning of 25 g of dried O. europaea, comparable to Amer et al. Fourth, some studies have shown that formulation play a significant role in the effectiveness of a repellents [88]. 2014;26:30510. Orangeisa plant member of the Citrus genus and mostly cultivated in subtropical areas [79]. locate the host (Ghosh, 2005). Ansari M, Vasudevan P, Tandon M, Razdan R. Larvicidal and mosquito repellent action of peppermint (Mentha piperita) oil. Govindarajan M, Kadaikunnan S, Alharbi NS, Benelli G. Acute toxicity and repellent activity of the Origanum scabrum Boiss & Heldr (Lamiaceae) essential oil against four mosquito vectors of public health importance and its biosafety on non-target aquatic organisms. Potential plant-based repellents stratified by protection time with at least 4h protection time are reported in Table2. Table 3. 2003;89:1859. This systematic review aimed to assess the effectiveness of plant-based repellents against Anopheles mosquitoes. 2001;49:51721. repellent. Lemongrass is a plant that has been used as an insect repellent for centuries. albimanus and found that all concentrations of clove provided complete repellency ranging from 1.25 to 3.55h, depending on the concentration applied. CAS repel 24 attempted ant bites. Effect of different levels of feed added turmeric (Curcuma longa) on the performance of broiler chicks. convenient to the fellow researchers. 0:45 . J Vector Borne Dis. Malar J 18, 436 (2019). The repellency effect of orange against different species of Anopheles was investigated in 4 studies. Indian J Pharmacol. After identifying the eligible studies, the following data were collected from each study by application of standardized data collection form to improve accuracy and critical appraisal: the first author name, country of origin, journal details, publication year, condition of study (field or laboratory), plant name, Anopheles species, concentration or dose of repellents, repellency percentage and complete protection time. As stated by organicfacts, some health benefits that lemongrass oil Trav Med Infect Dis. Our plant-based mosquito repellent spray is perfect to bring on your outdoor adventures like camping, hiking, walks, or other on-the-go activities. 2011;1:1249. .uM.4/&@Kg,4]-iZ7- VdM!t20tICI^zR4KkE+BGo?woKDtG@3, X1u4FEck$RY'u8!. stephensi for 6.5h, had a good effectiveness in preventing Anopheles mosquitoes. is any chemical or natural product that causes insects or other arthropods to avoid or Responses of antennal olfactory receptors in the yellow fever mosquito Aedes aegypti to human body odours. repellency. This is another area for additional research. Evaluation of the antibacterial activity of leaf and twig extracts of stout camphor tree, Cinnamomum kanehirae, and the effects on immunity and disease resistance of white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. However, it is highly recommended that the future researchers should perform the If used against mosquito larvae, such insecticides . Asian Pac J Trop Med. Asian Pac J Trop Dis. Most commercial repellents are produced by using chemical components such as N, N-diethyl-meta-toluamide (DEET), Allethrin, N, N-diethyl mendelic acid amide, and Dimethyl phthalate [1]. Grognet J. Catnip: its uses and effects, past and present. Essential oils and extracts of some plants could be formulated for the development of eco-friendly repellents against Anopheles species. Kweka EJ, Mosha F, Lowassa A, Mahande AM, Kitau J, Matowo J, et al. Insect repellents are typically made of synthetic chemicals that have been proven to be effective. outbursts of insect borne diseases, dengue fever, stings and bites. Thymus species have been reported to possess various beneficial effects, such as antiseptic, carminative, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties [70]. The pot must be filled with ice as much as it can hold. minimus for 0.83h. Similarly, Sritabutra et al. The included studies were published between 1999 and 2018. borne diseases. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. Authors Daniel A H . The following factors are discussed further with its relation to the To treat and/or repel insects, you should use insect repellents and bug sprays that contain active ingredients specifically designed to repel and/or kill insects. Finally, current studies are difficult to be compared and the repellency effectiveness may also differ among subspecies. Basically, a repellent Lemon grass is popularly used for medical, food and insect repellent products For this systematic review, all eligible studies on the repellency effects of plant-based repellants against Anopheles spp. According to homeguides.safegate, lemongrass gas large amount
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